Group Life Assurance

Group Life Assurance is an insurance that covers a defined group of people, for example the employees of a particular employer. Group coverage can help reduce the problem of adverse selection by creating a pool of people eligible to purchase insurance who belong to the group.

Grouping individuals together allows insurance companies to give lower rates to companies, providing large volume of business to insurance companies gives a greater bargaining power for clients, resulting to cheaper group rates.
Group insurance may offer life insurance, health insurance, and/or some other types of personal insurance.

Characteristics of group insurance
Group Life Insurance is Life insurance offered by an employer or large-scale entity (organization) to its workers or members. Group life insurance is typically offered as a piece of a larger employer or membership benefit package. By purchasing coverage through a provider on a 'wholesale' basis for its members, the coverage costs each individual worker/member much less than if they had to purchase an individual policy.

Thus we can infer the following characteristics of Group Life Insurance, which also apply to other group insurances:

• There must be a group of people to be insured who have something in common other than the purpose of obtaining insurance
• To save administrative costs, there is often a Master Policy Holder who will retain the documentation on behalf of the members, and may deal with the members on behalf of the insurer
• Such covers are typically available at a discount to the respective individual rates, as administration and expected claims costs are lower.

The Master Policy Holder of a Group Life Insurance Plan is basically the Employer and for other groups would be the entity that has an insurable interest in the lives of its members. So in the case of a bank it could be said to have an insurable interest in the lives of its members who hold a deposit or have taken a loan. The Master Policy Holder also ensures each member gets their certificate of coverage stating the details of the premium paid, cover available, term of the cover and the claims process

A feature which is sometimes common in group insurance is that the premium cost on an individual basis is not individually risk-based. Instead it is the same amount for all the insured persons in the group. So, for example, in Yemen and elsewhere, often all employees of an employer receiving health or life insurance coverage pay the same premium amount for the same coverage regardless of their age or other factors, even though the total group premium will be calculated by reference to the actual (or estimated) age distribution etc. of the group. In contrast, under private individual health or life insurance coverage, different insured persons will pay different premium amounts for the same coverage based on their age, location, pre-existing conditions, etc.

Group policies may be attractive to consumers because the average price per policy is often lower. Carriers are interested in gaining customers and will cut prices a bit to take account of their lower costs.

Members who take up the insurance are generally eligible to renew coverage while they continue to be members of the group, subject to certain conditions. A person will normally remain covered as long as he or she continues to work for a certain employer and pays the required insurance premiums, whereas under individual coverage, the insurance company often has the right not to renew an individual health insurance policy, for instance if the person's risk profile changes.

Group insurance is usually purchased through brokerage firms because brokers receive better rates than individual companies or unions.

Group Life Insurance covers may be either compulsory – in which case no member can opt out of the insurance – or voluntary, where each eligible member may decide within a given time limit whether or not to be included in the Group Insurance. This is irrespective of who pays the premium.

Since compulsory cover offers much less scope for adverse selection, it is subject to much more relaxed underwriting requirements than voluntary covers. Underwriting requirements even for voluntary group life cover are far less onerous than for similar insurance on individual lives.